Caster and Wheel Terminology Guide

Understanding Casters and Wheels 101

---

Casters and Wheels are much more intricate and sophisticated than they may look. To fully understand a Caster or a Caster Wheel you must first understand the lingo or terminology of a caster to further understand how each part works in sync with one another in order to provide you with a high quality product that you can trust. When buying a Caster or Wheel you need to make sure to buy from a Manufacturer or Distributor that only provides the highest quality Casters and Wheels in the industry. You may find very cheap versions online that are 'Made in China' quality that may be more of a liability in the long run if certain manufacturing quality controls are not followed. CasterHQ only manufactures and sells the highest quality products that are laboratory tested, RoHs Compliant, ISO:8001 Certified, and NSF Certified to give you a Caster that will truly handle the weight capacity listed and last longer than any other caster competitor in the industry. Our quality control is unsurpassed in the industry which allows us the ability to offer heavy duty industrial casters at affordable prices to prevent liability claims and keep you coming back. Many big name retailers and hardware stores buy directly from China with no quality control for profit and not for concern of ones safety. CasterHQ has thousands of casters that are specifically made for different niche applications to guarantee your safety as well as product longevity to save you time and money. Our products last and we stand behind all of them with 1-3 year warranties depending on which series you buy from us.

---

---

Autoclave / Autoclavable: Sterilizing equipment uses either pressure & steam at 250° F to 280° F for 10 to 20 minutes, or dry heat upto 375° F up to 3 hours. Autoclavable wheels can withstand heat andsteam environment. Click Here for our High Temperature Autoclave Casters

Axle: Bolt that attaches wheel into caster yoke (frame, bracket). Click Here to Buy Axles for your Casters

Bearing Cap: Part used with single precision bearing wheels; integrates a spanner thrust bushing with bearing guard, only covers thebearing and not the full wheel hub. 2 per wheel.

Bearings: Wheel bearings provide either mechanical rolling assistanceor a slick surface that reduces friction and increases roll-ability. Raceway bearings are a device on a swivel caster, enabling it to turn whilebearing the load.

Blank Wheel: Wheel without bearing installed (plain bore).

Bolt Hole Pattern: Measurement between mounting holes on topplate, including length and width dimensions.

Bore: Refers to inner dimension of blank wheel or bearing.

Brake Kit: Kit containing all needed parts to install a brake onto acaster (including: brake arm, lever / pedal, axle & nut, etc).Brake/s: Component part of caster, when activated, assists in stopping wheel from rolling.

Caster: Complete assembly of caster yoke (frame), wheel(s), & axle;enabling equipment to roll.

Caster Pad: Assembly that is either welded or bolted to the bottomof a piece of equipment that enables a caster with a top plate to bequickly installed or removed. May also refer to a weld plate that hasan identical overall size and bolt pattern to casters and can be used toreinforce mounting area, act as a shim or assist in caster installation.

Centered Hub: Wheel hub that has the same dimensions on eitherside; typically used in casters. Hub usually protrudes from wheel core.

Chemical Bond: Method of bonding wheel tread to the wheel core using glue or a chemical reaction that fuses the materials together.

Cold Forged: Refers to a chemical procedure softening steel for amore dedicated forming. Heat treatment is usually followed after coldforge to re-enhance the steel strength.Complete Wheel: A wheel that has bearings installed.

Kingpinless: Casters without a bolt & nut kingpin. A kingpinlesscaster’s top plate and inner raceway are a one piece construction or integrally forged; the outer raceway with legs attached are held togetherwith the inner raceway by hardened steel ball bearings. This designoffers unsurpassed durability and use in abusive and demanding shockload applications that may cause kingpin casters to fail.

Load Capacity: Recommended maximum weight carried by a singlecaster or wheel under ideal operating conditions. Overloading couldresult in catastrophic failure.Mechanical Bond: Method of bonding wheel tread to the wheelcore by means of inter-locking materials together.

Mobility: A caster or wheel’s ability to roll freely; many factors areinvolved, such as wheel hardness, shape, type, bearings, etc.Modular Stem Casters: Casters created to accept a variety of customized fastening requirements.

Mounting Bolt / Attaching bolt: Fastening bolt or screw to attachcasters to equipment. Top plate specs will list maximum bolt size. Attaching hardware is not furnished.

MRO: Industry abbreviation for Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul.

NSF: Abbreviation for National Sanitation Foundation. If a caster isNSF; it meets the criteria to be NSF listed. Used in Food Service Industries such as in restaurants and food processing plants where health standards and requirements are much more strict to ensure bacteria cannot become embedded into the casters or wheels.

OEM: Industry abbreviation for Original Equipment Manufacturer.Offset Hub: Wheel hub that protrudes on one side and is recessedon the other; Offset hubs are popular on wheels used on hand trucksand other mobile equipment using wheels instead of casters.

"O.D.": Measurement of the outside diameter of a wheel, bearing,tube, socket, etc.

Plain Bore: Wheel bore that rides directly on axle, no bearing.Quick Change Plate: See terminology for “Caster Pad”.

Raceway: Section of a swivel caster or wheel bearing; bearings thatroll in an embossed or machined track.

Retainer Washer: Washer to keep bearings & grease in & debris out.

Rivet Axle: Permanent axle type used mostly on light duty casters.

Rivet Kingpin: Kingpin that has the both ends enlarged by hydraulic spin or staking, to hold a swivel raceway together, v/s nut & bolt.

Roll-ability: A caster or wheel’s ability to roll in its application. Theoptimum of roll-ability can only be reached by correct selection ofcaster frames, wheels & bearings.

Seals: Select swivel raceways & wheels may have seals installed to keepdebris out and keep grease in. Some wheel bearings are sealed and don’trequire maintenance. Check temperature ranges & limitations.

Shock Load: Impact or vibration sustained by caster/wheel fromloading or outside forces, such as weight dropped on equipment,equipment running into obstacles.

Side thrust: Horizontal force from non-rolling direction of a caster.

Stamped Yoke: Main portion of caster frame assembly made from asingle stamped piece of steel instead of multiple parts welded together.

Static Load: Maximum load of a caster/wheel while stationary.

Thread Guards: Metal or plastic disks that cover wheel hub preventing debris from getting into bearings or wrapping around axle.

Thrust Washer: Washers used between wheel hub and caster leg.

Wheel: Wheel only, not in a caster frame.

Yoke: Swivel or rigid frame of a caster. Also referred to as Fork or Rig.Zerk: Grease fitting on wheels, caster raceways or axles.TerminologyDurable Superior Casters®Crown

Tread: Wheel face that is slightly rounded; reduces surfacearea & friction. Crown tread helps wheel roll & turn easier.Cut & Welded Design: Describes casters made using a raceway &legs that are formed separately and welded together instead of stamping out of one piece.

Double Ball Raceway: 2 sets of bearings rolling in embossed tracksheld together with a kingpin; one set supports the load, while theother assists in swivel thrust.

Drop Forged / Hot Forged: A procedure that billet is heated toburning red before being stamped for forming to certain shapes thatotherwise could have been done by welding. The process increases thedensity of metal and further enhances its strength by eliminating anyinconsistency of welding. Most of our heavy duty casters are madewith top plate, raceway and king bolts forged to one piece.

Durability: Capacity of a caster to last in demanding applications.Durable Superior Casters®: Reliable source for all your caster &wheel needs. Only Superior Casters are Durable!

Durometer: System of establishing the hardness of rubber, plastic orpolyurethane wheels using either an “A” scale or "D" scale when it isbeyond "A" scale's range.

Dustcap: Metal cap that helps keep foreign materials out of raceways.

Dynamic Load: Maximum load of a caster/wheel while rolling.

Ergonomic: Features which reduce injury by providing easiermaneuverability or lower rolling resistance.

Fastening Type: Refers to the way a caster is attached to a piece ofequipment. (i.e.: top plate, stem, hollow kingpin, and etc).Flat Spot: Condition of a wheel tread flattening or compressingwithout the ability of rebounding to normal shape, causing undesirable rolling condition; happens with overloading or misapplication.

Floor Lock: Accessory used in conjunction with casters; a devise tosecure carts from moving on level floors.

High Modulas: Extra thick, round wheel tread.

High-Temp: Casters or wheels (including all parts), that are capableof operating at higher temperatures without failure or deformation.

Hollow Kingpin Caster: Tubular rivet used to hold swivel racewaystogether; the hole in the rivet kingpin can accept a bolt or customizedmodular stems for any particular mounting requirement.

Hub Length: Distance from one side of wheel hub to the other.Inner Diameter "I.D.": Measurement of wheel bore, bearing boreor tubing inside diameter.

Integrally Forged: Different components are made into one singlecomponent through hot forging process. The process increases thedensity of metal and further enhances its strength by eliminating theproblem of one or more components failure at severe application. Our Kingpinless casters also have integrally forged topplates & inner raceways.

Keyway: Machined notch inside the wheel bore allowing wheel to belocked onto a drive shaft using the “key” that slides into correlatingnotches between the wheel bore and drive shaft, shaft is then able toturn the wheel. Wheels with thick metal hubs can be machined withkeyways.Kingpin: Bolt or rivet used to hold swivel raceways together; some ofour heavier duty drop forged casters have the kingpin integrally forgedas one piece with the top plate. Kingpins are typically the weakestpoint of a caster; kingpinless casters are stronger.